Lección 79: El Pretérito. (Repaso)
***The Most Important Past Tense in Spanish***
· Used to express an action that occurred completely in the past. e.g.
o Fidel Castro habló más de seis horas (F. Castro spoke more than 6 hours)
o Compré una camisa nueva. (I bought a new shirt.)
o El perro vivió más de veinte años. (The dog lived almost 20 years.)
· Like the present tense, you take the infinitive, drop the last two letters (the infinitive endings) and add the preterite endings:
· notice the slight difference between regular-ar verbs vs. -er/-ir verbs;
saltar – to jump |
|
meter – to put |
dividir – to divide |
salt -é |
salt -amos |
met -í divid -í |
met -imos divid -imos |
salt -aste |
|
met -iste dvid -iste |
|
salt -ó |
salt -aron |
met -ió divid -ió |
met -ieron divid -ieron |
· Identify the Preterite by the *almost* ubiquitous accent on the last syllable of the Yo and el/ella/Ud. cases.
· Notice that the We form of -ar and -ir verbs are the same in the present and in the preterite (-amos / -imos). They are distinguished by the context
· There are irregular verbs in the preterite. Learn the top 5 irregular verbs (ser, estar, tener, ir, hacer), plus 3 helping verbs (haber, querer, poder, (haber is rarely used in the preterite so you may skip it… instead review the present tense, which you will use next week: he/has/ha/hemos/han))
ser |
fui/fuiste/fue/fuimos/fueron |
*haber |
hube/hubiste/hubo/hubimos/hubieron |
estar |
estuve/estuviste/estuvo/estuvimos/estuvieron |
querer |
quise/quisiste/quiso/quisimos/quisieron |
tener |
tuve/tuviste/tuvo/tuvimos/tuvieron |
poder |
pude/pudiste/pudo/pudimos/pudieron |
ir |
fui/fuiste/fue/fuimos/fueron |
|
|
hacer |
hice/hiciste/hizo/hizimos/hicieron |
|
*rarely used/skip it. |
·
Notice the preterite for ser and ir are the
same. You distinguish them by the context.
eg
Yo
fui presidente de la tienda hace 2 años. (I
was president of the store 2 years ago.)
Yo fui a la tienda ayer para comprar comida. (I went to the store yesterday to buy food.)
Exercises— enter the verb in the preterite tense
1 2 3 4 5 |
Ayer Marta y Luis (perder) el autobús. Hace cinco años (ganar/yo) una competición de gimnasia. Uds. no (asistir) a la ceremonia. Teresa de Calcuta (dedicar) su vida a los más necesitados. Rafael Azcona (vivir) del año 1926 al 2008. |
Marta and Luis missed the bus yesterday. I won a gymnastics competition 5 years ago. You all didn’t assist in the ceremony. Mother Teresa dedicated her life to the most needy R. Azcona lived from 1926 to 2008. |
6 7 8 9 10 |
Mis padres (tener) que abandonar sus estudios. (caminar/yo) dos kilómetros para encontrar una fuente. Lo que (hacer/Uds) es imperdonable. Tú no (traer) nada a la fiesta. Nunca (saber, nosotros) la verdad |
My parents had to abandon their studies. I walked 2 km to find a fountain. What you all did is unforgivable. You didn’t bring anything to the party. We never knew the truth. |
11 12 13 14 15 |
La película (comenzar) con media hora de retraso. La semana pasada (colgar/yo) unas fotos en la red. (pedir/ella) un montón de regalos para su cumpleaños. Anoche los niños se (dormir) en seguida. El año pasado todos los alumnos (aprobar) los exámenes finales. |
The movie started an hour late. Last week I posted some photos on the network She asked for a bunch of gifts for her birthday. Last night the children fell asleep right away. Last year all the students passed their final exams. |
Respuestas: 1. perdieron 2. gané 3. asistieron 4. dedicó 5. vivió 6. tuvieron 7. caminé 8. hicieron 9. trajiste 10. supimos 11. comenzó 12. colgué 13. pidió 14. durmieron 15. aprobaron
EXTRA CREDIT: Take one of your summaries of Un Poquito Tuyo and convert it to the Preterite case. e.g.
Ella dice. becomes Ella dijo. (says vs.said). Él no puede prometer becomes Él no pudo prometer.
Gloria Estefan: Ayer. Memorize so you can sing along; Circle the preterite verbs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzKxD5eHDX0&vl=en [video has English subtitles you can turn on]
Ayer encontré la flor que tú me
diste |
Yesterday I found the flower that you gave me An image of the love that you offered me It still faithfully keeps its scent, that tender carnation Yesterday I found the flower that you gave me |
guardar=to keep/guard aún = todavía |
Aún guardo aquella carta que me
escribiste |
I still keep that letter that you wrote to me In a passionate red, it had a mark Your signature next to the carnation made me sad I still keep that letter that you wrote to me |
remember: esta, esa, aquella? poner=to put puse/pusiste /puso/pusimos/pusieron |
Regresa por favor pues la vida es
muy corta |
Come back, please, since life is very short Let's work out the doubt and the rancour. "Very well" says the singer, the past is not important Of all, our pride is the worst. Let's renew the passion since life is very short Let's fill our hearts with warmth |
pues=since, for salgamos (let’s leave, a ‘we’command for salir=to leave/go out.) There are a lot of “we”commands coming up. Find them. |
Aroma de perdón añora nuestro ser |
Our being longs for the scent of forgiveness The perfume of the hopes of a new dawn The freshness of spring for all eternity Our being longs for the scent of forgiveness |
añorar=to long/yearn for el ser = the being (the noun form of ser =to be) el ser humano = the human being |
Regresa por favor pues la vida es
muy corta |
Come back, please, since life is very short Let's work out the doubt and the rancour. "Very well" says the singer, the past is not important Of all, our pride is the worst. Let's renew the passion since life is very short Let's fill our hearts with warmth |
|
Ayer encontré la flor que tú me
diste |
Yesterday I found the flower that you gave me An image of the love that you offered me It still faithfully keeps its scent, that tender carnation Yesterday I found the flower that you gave me |
|
<Música> (Levántense y gocen que la vida es
corta) Oigan bien sin temor lo que enseña
la vida, señores (Levántense y gocen que la vida es
corta) <Música> (Levántense y gocen que la vida es
corta) (Levántense y gocen que la vida es
corta) |
<Music> (Get up and have a good time because life is short Cheer up, in the end nothing else matters) Listen well, without fear, to what life teaches, gentlemen Do not get hurt again by the same mistake, listen well
(Get up and have a good time because life is short) Cheer up, in the end nothing else matters) Throw away all troubles now and look for the good life With affection and harmony like water and sand, how good
(Get up and have a good time because life is short
Cheer up, (Cheer up) Yes Sir (in the end nothing else matters) Get up get up and have a good time because life is short Cheer up cheer up yes sir for in the end, nothing else matters Liven up, shake, get closer without a problem, family <Music> Get up and have a good time because life is short Cheer up, in the end nothing else matters
Get up and have a good time because life is short Cheer up, in the end nothing else matters |
gozar=to enjoy oneself/ have a good time/blast lo demás=the rest/ remainder las penas = the troubles/ the embarrassments. buscar=to seek la arena =the sand why do we call sporting venues”arenas”?? animar=to animate, liven up sacudir=to dust off acercarse=to get closer |
It’s probably the preterite when….
1. The 1st and 3rd person singular (yo/él/ella/Ud.) has an accent on the last syllable.
2. The 2nd person singular (tú) does not end in an “s”
3. The 1st person plural (nosotros) sounds like the present tense but you know the activity already happened.
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